→ Provides nitrogen cycle data on grasslands and arable sites organized in a data basis. Provides improved versions of field, farm and regional scale models.

← Mitigation options and climate change feedbacks of GHG emissions from animal agriculture.

→ Ecosystem manipulation experiments for arable and grassland systems. Long-term observations (e.g. remote sensing, carbon inventories) of carbon cycle related variables.

← Detailed storylines of likely changes in land use, and in crop and pasture management under baseline and stabilization scenarios. Full account of the role of changes in livestock systems on the carbon cycle.

← Model projections of climate change impacts on grassland, feed crop and livestock systems (with their dynamics), integrating, or not, mitigation and adaptation options and based on the new AR5 baseline and stabilization scenarios

→ Long-term data sets of CO2, water vapour and other GHG gas fluxes exchanged at a range of European arable and grassland sites.

← Views on how to design an operational network for monitoring soil carbon sequestration in grasslands and in croplands

← Improved data on farming systems and emissions

→ Provides Legume Futures information on the future need for protein feed for livestock production.

← Delivers novel legume-based cropping systems for evaluating cropping systems for livestock farming that provides benefits for both adaptation and mitigation to climate change.

→ Data on GHG emissions at sub-national region level

→ Mitigation options to reduce N losses in livestock systems

← Integrated mitigation and adaptation options for livestock, including reduction in N loss.

→ Using state-of-the-art �omics� technologies integrated with novel systems biology research, this project will gain a greater understanding of factors underpinning variation in FCE between monogastric animals.

← It will also identify management routes through which FCE can be improved, and nutrient and greenhouse gas emissions reduced.

→ Framework for coupling socio-economics & biophysical modelling

← Detailed livestock storylines under climate change

→ Provide CLIVAGRI with information on sensitivity of livestock production systems to climate change.

← Use the overview of climate change impacts and likely adaptation options for major crops in Europe for assessing adaptation to climate change in mixed livestock farming systems.

→ Soil carbon change assessment for Europe and vulnerability of soil carbon to climate change

← Carbon sequestration in grasslands and production of feed crops

→ Specific measures in agriculture, environmental policies

← Integrated mitigation and adaptation options for livestock

→ Scenarios and methods for projecting climate change impacts

← Detailed climate change impact projections for livestock systems

← Evaluate the potential to select and breed animals with low GHG emissions

→ Effect of grazing on the same grass-legume mixtures that are examined in AnimalChange.

← Effect of drought stress on same mixtures

→ Catalogue of European ecosystems and environmental conditions linked to global change, which can influence the spatial and temporal distribution and dynamics of pathogenic agents.

← Predictive emergence and spread models

Methodology for the classification of livestock housing systems including storage, treatment and spreading of the manures produced, in terms of "Best Available Techniques" (BAT).

→ Recommendations for the use of different technologies in intensive livestock farming including cost/benefit considerations regarding emission reduction

← Access to a documentation system for BAT techniques

LCA analysis of C footprint of organic and low input dairy systems at farm and regional scale

→ Quantification of ecological, economic and social performances of the ten participating regions, assessment of the improvement needs and opportunities

← Assessment for full EU27 on environmental performance and innovations for livestock production